Academic Publication (FASS)

Forced displacement exacerbates health vulnerabilities, particularly regarding HIV prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Refugees often experience heightened exposure to HIV due to precarious living conditions, sexual violence, and healthcare access barriers. Background: Structural inequalities, legal precarity, and stigma hinder HIV care for refugees, especially in resource-limited settings. Excluded from national health prog0rams, refugees often depend on underfunded humanitarian aid. Cultural stigma, limited awareness, and mobility constraints further heighten their vulnerability. Methods: This study draws on a review of peer-reviewed articles, policy documents, and case studies from refugee-hosting countries. It examines healthcare access, service provision gaps, and policy responses to HIV among displaced populations. Results: The article highlights systemic barriers to HIV services, including inadequate testing, inconsistent treatment availability, and cultural barriers to care. Policy frameworks often fail to integrate refugees into national HIV programs, exacerbating health disparities. Conclusions: The exclusion of refugees from national healthcare, compounded by stigma and mobility constraints, deepens health disparities and heightens HIV transmission risks. Without targeted interventions and inclusive health systems, refugees face disproportionate HIV-related morbidity, endangering broader public health in host communities.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is reshaping migration dynamics in the MENA region and the GCC. This study examines the BRI's impact on migration trends and the socio-economic factors influencing migration decisions. The extensive infrastructure projects—including motorways, railways, and ports—boost connectivity, create economic opportunities, and expand labor markets by attracting workers and easing mobility. As regions become more integrated, cultural exchange and social ties strengthen, further influencing migration patterns. The creation of special economic zones and industrial corridors along BRI routes fuels both internal and cross-border migration. In this context, the study highlights how the BRI's infrastructure development not only facilitates physical connectivity but also serves as a catalyst for economic growth. As new industries and urban centers emerge, significant migration is expected as people seek work in these areas. The study contributes to the understanding of the impacts of BRI on migration in the MENA region.

Purpose – China/Chinese English (CE) has been a well-studied variety of English for over 40 years. However, there are still different opinions as to whether the terminology is promising or problematic. There are discussions on which term to name the variety: China English or Chinese English. Design/methodology/approach – To investigate these questions, 143 published papers with more than 10 citations on CE have been reviewed. Findings – It is found that 55% of these works preferred to name the variety as China English while 21% preferred Chinese English and 18% used both terms. Further analysis revealed that 82% of these papers demonstrated a positive attitude toward CE while only 10% were neutral and 8% negative. Research limitations/implications – Not much updated relevant literature is reviewed since one of the criteria of the data selection is that the works must have been cited 10þtimes (as a feature of the validity of the academic work), which excluded most papers published in recent years. Practical implications – The pedagogical implications of this article are that CE, and other varieties of English should be introduced to English teaching in China to improve attitudes to the use of such terminology and possibly have an impact on English learning efficiency. Social implications – This study will help the further development of China/Chinese English as a variety of English in the background of world Englishes. Originality/value – This is the first study in China/Chinese English concerning the choice of the name of this variety based on the well-accepted papers published.

The concept of “exposure to migration” helped us understand family dimensions, such as the role of members who remained behind, especially wives, changing gender roles, and changing exposure to remittances. However, most existing migration studies have not examined whether exposure to migration has anything to do with gender dynamics. This has often resulted in women or wives playing a subordinate role in contemporary discourse on gendered migration. Because they have very little to do with remittances compared to male family members, their role in the family is viewed critically by their male counterparts. This research is based on interviews with women from a selection of countries in Asia. Based on the analytical framework of “exposure to migration”, this study contends that the degree of exposure to migration for women depends on the country’s social and cultural milieu. In many cases, this exposure also leads to marital problems and family complications.

The second-generation South Asian diaspora, made up of individuals whose parents were born as immigrants in a foreign country, often faces unique and complex challenges in forming and reconciling their identities. This article attempts to shed light on the difficulties faced by second-generation South Asians in foreign communities, highlighting the greater identity problems compared to the third and fourth generations. The identity problems of second generation South Asians arise from their position at the crossroads of two cultures. They struggle with the tension between their ancestral roots and the dominant culture of their adopted country, which can lead to a profound sense of confusion. Unlike third- and fourth generation people, who have a more solid sense of identity, second-generation people often find themselves caught between two worlds, leading to a range of psychological, social, and cultural challenges.