The study entitled Exploring Beliefs, Teaching Practices and the Use of Metacognitive Strategies in Teaching Reading and Comprehension in Primary School accommodate three research objectives. The objectives are to identify the types of teachers' beliefs about teaching reading and comprehension, to examine the practice of teaching reading and comprehension in the classroom, and to analyze the characteristics of metacognitive strategies that exist in the teaching of reading and comprehension. In order to achieve this objectives, the researcher employed a multi-case-qualitative approach to analyze the data carried out on three Malay language teachers in primary schools who had received a 'Special Mention' award at the Teacher's Day celebrations held every year in the country. The instruments used for this study were interview questions, classroom observations and a portfolio of a lesson plan. The findings revealed that there are 3 types of teachers' beliefs about teaching reading and comprehension, namely (1) normative beliefs (the influence of the student's background & the influence of the school), (2) behavioral beliefs (teaching careers & the role of Malay language teachers), and (3) control beliefs (teaching practices & challenges). Meanwhile, findings based on the second objective indicated four effective teaching practices for reading and comprehension: (1) practicing interactive and integrated models, (2) applying appropriate teaching strategies that match the reading materials and students' abilities, (3) practicing differentiated assessment, and (4) selecting materials that are suitable for the students' ability levels. Furthermore, the findings objective showed that there, eneater reading metacognitive strategy after reading. The implications of this study are (1) teachers serve as the best role models for students, (2) teachers effectively organize and plan metacognitive strategies, and (3) teachers raise awareness and provide guidance on using metacognitive strategies to students. Therefore, exploring teacher's beliefs, teaching practices, and the use of metacognitive strategies in the teaching of reading and comprehension at the primary school level can serve as a guide to improve the quality of Malay Language teaching in this country.

Brunei Darussalam in brief, is a pocket-size information book on Brunei Darussalam which is handy for tourists and members of the public in general. It provides an up-to-date information about the nation-state ranging from its historical background, the people, its agriculture to places of interest.

Platform media sosial terutamanya Facebook telah menjadi saluran utama wacana awam terutamanya pada masa krisis. Sejak pandemik COVID-19, maklumat mengenai virus dan vaksin telah tersebar luas dalam talian dan sering kali menimbulkan pelbagai reaksi, sentimen dan pendapat. Pelancaran Program Vaksinasi Nasional pada 3hb April 202 di Negara Brunei Darussalam telah mencetuskan respons awam yang signifikan. Halaman Facebook 'Brunei fm,' sering kali mengemas kini mengenai COVID-19 termasuk vaksin dan menampung banyak komen orang ramai. Ini merupakan sumber data yang bernilai untuk memahami sentimen awam. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sentimen rakyat Brunei terhadap vaksin COVID-19 seperti yang dinyatakan dalam komen-komen di halaman Facebook 'Brunei fm'. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, komen-komen dianotasi secara manual dan dikategorikan sebagai positif, negatif ataupun neutral. Penanda linguistik seperti kata nama, kata kerja dan adjektif telah dikenalpasti untuk menentukan sentimen. Kajian ini turut menggunakan Teori Sosiokognitif oleh van Dijk bagi memperkayakan analisis dengan meneliti bagaimana pengetahuan, ideologi dan pengalaman sosial mempengaruhi tafsiran dan ekspresi pengguna dalam konteks digital. Dapatan kajian ini mendedahkan pandangan mengenai persepsi awam dan kebimbangan mengenai vaksin termasuk kesan sampingan dan implikasi yang lebih luas. Analisis ini menyumbang kepada pemahaman landskap sentimen vaksinasi COVID-19 di Brunei, yang mungkin mempengaruhi wacana kesihatan awam dan pengambilan vaksin di masa akan datang.

Brunei Darussalam in brief, is a pocket-size information book on Brunei Darussalam which is handy for tourists and members of the public in general. It provides an up-to-date information about the nation-state ranging from its historical background, the people, its agriculture to places of interest.

This study investigated adsorption behaviour of rifampicin (RIF) and cephalexin (CEP), widely used antibiotics, from water solution, exploring raw kaolin (RK), alkali-activated kaolin (AAK), metakaolin (MK), and zeolite A (ZA) as adsorbents. The characterizations of the adsorbents evidently indicated that the alkali activation caused etching process and ion exchanges of both Al** and Si** with Nat on the silica and gibbsite basal surfaces, improving the surface characteristics of the kaolinite particles. The conversion of kaolin into zeolite A also enhanced the surface area. The adsorption was systematically investigated in batch mode across different parameters, including adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial concentration, and temperature. The adsorption was monitored by the UV-Vis absorption spectroscopic method. Adsorption mechanism, kinetics, rate limiting-step, and thermodynamics were described in detail by fitting mathematical functions of the established adsorption isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamic, and diffusion models to the experimental data. The results suggested that the adsorption of RIF and CEP occurred spontaneously on homogeneous monolayer surfaces of the adsorbents according to the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities of rifampicin (RIF) on AAK and MK were 8.295 mg g'' and 9.373 mg g', respectively, enhanced compared to RK (5.931 mg g*') and ZA (4.635 mg g*'). Similarly, adsorption capacity of CEP increased by 40% from 4.686 mg g' on RK to 6.605 mg g' on AAK. The adsorption of RIF and CEP was due to weak electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions of the antibiotics with the kaolinite surfaces. The adsorption kinetics was best described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model, controlled by a combination of film diffusion of the external mass transport and intraparticle of the anthropogenic antibiotics onto the adsorbent surfaces.More importantly, adsorption-desorption process of the antibiotics suggested that AAK and RK can be effectively regenerated and reused as adsorbents to remove the antibiotic even after four successive cycles. The recyclability of the kaolin-based adsorbents was demonstrated by their effective regeneration. Overall findings emphasized the ecological and economic benefits of leveraging sustainable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective natural resources, including the kaolin-based materials, to the challenges posed by pharmaceutical residues in wastewater treatment.