Use of selected words by teachers in the classroom can motivate the students to acquire and subsequently apply knowledge in their speech and writing. The effective use of positive words in teaching and learning is able to induce changes in the mind set so that students can acquire and apply information in oral and written form. In other words, in effective teaching and learning, growth mindset words are present. In this context, growth mindset words become the mental guide in instructing, supporting and encouraging students to master language skills. Interestingly, a majority of teachers fail to give-it attention and focus in their teaching of the Malay language. Thus, the main aim of the research is to classify the growth mindset words into certain categories and functions so that users can be more organised in its application. This research also aimed to identify the formation of the growth mindset words through the data analysis of its use between and amongst the teachers and students. In the research, participants consisted of school administrators, teachers and students in goverment secondary schools within targeted clusters from which respondent data were collected. A total of 1 628 participants in this research were divided into 4 groups. The data was collected through physical questionnaires, interviews, observations, students' written work, and online questionnaires via Google Form. The data was analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively through the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software, QDA 6.0 Miner software, and through the Google Form data analysis functions. The research found that growth mindset words were actively being used in the teaching and learning of the Malay language. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the usage of growth mindset words between and amongst the teachers and students. This shows thai the use of growth mindset words is prevalent in the speech and writing of the Malay language. The use of growth mindset words has been found to be effective in student learning. Feedback from questionnaires distributed to school administrators, teachers and students also corroborated this assertion. The findings of this research is hoped to instill further the culture of active application and implementation of positive mindset changing words i.e. growth mind set words in the teaching and learning of the Malay language.

Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) have garnered significant attention due to their ability to improve the therapeutic index of medications by reducing multidrug resistance and effectively delivering therapeutic agents through active targeting. In addition to drug delivery, MNPs have several medical applications, including in vitro and in vivo diagnostics, and they improve the biocompatibility of materials and nutraceuticals. MNPs have several advantages in drug delivery systems and genetic manipulation, such as improved stability and half-life in circulation, passive or active targeting into the desired target selective tissue, and gene manipulation by delivering genetic materials. The main goal of this review is to provide current information on the present issues and prospects of MNPs in drug and gene delivery systems. The current study focused on MNP preparation methods and their characterization by different techniques, their applications to targeted delivery, non-viral vectors in genetic manipulation, and challenges in clinical trial translation.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been the primary drug used in chemotherapy for colorectal carcinoma, and localizing the drug would be effective in avoiding its side effects and improving therapeutic outcomes. One approach to achieve this is by encapsulating the drug in microbeads. Alginate microbeads, in particular, exhibit promising pH-sensitive properties, making them an attractive option for colon targeting. Thus, the main aim of this study is to formulate and characterize 5-FU-encapsulated alginate microbeads as a pH-sensitive drug delivery system for controlled release in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, the alginate microbeads encapsulating 5-FU was manufactured using electrospray methods. This method offers the advantages of promoting the formulation of uniformly small-sized mi- crobeads with improved performance in terms of swelling and diffusion rates. The size and shape of the 5-FU mi- crobeads are 394.23 ±3.077 μm and have a spherical fac- tor of 0.026 ±0.022, respectively, which are considered ac- ceptable and indicative of a spherical shape. The microbeads’ encapsulation efficiency was found to be 69.65 ±0.18%, which is considered high in comparison to other literature. The attenuated total reflectance - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) data confirmed the complexation of sodium alginate with calcium ions, along with the encap- sulation of 5-FU in the microbeads matrix. The 5-FU mi- crobeads displayed pH-dependent swelling, exhibiting less swelling in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) than in simulated in- testinal fluid (SIF). Additionally, the release of 5-FU from the microbeads is pH-dependent, with the cumulative percent- age drug release being higher in simulated intestinal fluid than in SGF. The data indicate that the 5-FU microbeads can be utilized for the delivery of 5-FU in colon-targeted therapy, potentially leading to improved tumor treatment.

In today's interconnected world, where people from different cultures interact more than ever, cultural diversity has been pivotal in shaping how individuals perceive, exchange, or adopt socio-cultural characteristics from other cultures. As a result, creating a transcultural product design has become an intricate process that requires a profound understanding of users' identities and cultural differences, such as values and beliefs. Against this background, this study aims to enhance selected folk pottery models and ornamental designs from Ghana and Brunei Darussalam by utilizing transcultural product design innovations that agree with Islamic values and beliefs. Hence, our focus was harmoniously integrating gracefully crafted and culturally sensitive Bruneian decorative patterns with modern technological innovations to enhance selected Northern Ghanaian folk pottery designs in Islamic contexts. The study was conducted qualitatively, employing ethnographic and practice-based research methods. These methods were chosen for their immersive nature, allowing for comprehensive data collection, evaluation, creative experimentation, and reflection. In addition, we augmented our study with a transcultural product design innovation framework, which proved to be a valuable tool for enhancing the aesthetic appeal, functionality, and symbolical meanings of Northern Ghanaian folk pots for a broader range of users, particularly those in Islamic cultural contexts. According to our findings, Northern Ghanaian folk potters prioritize the functionality of their pottery over its aesthetics. Each of the various shapes and forms of the pottery holds unique cultural and traditional African religious values and beliefs, making each piece functional and deeply meaningful. Furthermore, our research findings revealed that artisans in Brunei Darussalam approach their decorative patterns as an integral and fundamental aspect of their crafts rather than standalone works of art. By incorporating these patterns into their crafts, they produce aesthetically pleasing and symbolically meaningful pieces that reflect Islamic religious traditions and Malay cultural expressions. In summary, after conducting a comprehensive analysis of decorative patterns on artefacts from Brunei and comparing them against Northern Ghanaian folk pottery, it has become evident that the latter exhibits a unique ability to elevate ordinary objects into art forms that pay homage to the exquisite creations of Allah. By applying Bruneian decorative patterns and modern technological advancements, we have successfully developed and enhanced two variations of Northern Ghanaian folk pots, including the indoor decorative neck pot lamppost and the coffee table integrated dependent pot speaker. These pots meet the global standards of consumers, including those within the islamic context.

The rising global demand for clean water underscores the need for efficient and sustainable purification technologies. Solar distillation is a promising renewable-energy-based method for freshwater production, yet conventional systems often suffer from low thermal efficiency and limited water output. This study enhances the thermal performance of a solar distillation system by integrating a spiral coil condenser with a parabolic dish concentrator. The spiral coil, designed to optimize heat transfer and regulate vapor pressure, improves condensation efficiency and system productivity. Experiments were conducted under two conditions: with and without a coolant fluid enclosure. The results show that incorporating a coolant fluid enclosure increased clean water production by 12.59 %, reaching 15.2 L/m2/day, compared to 13.5 L/m2/day in the system without it. The average water production rate improved from 3.58 × 10􀀀 2 L/h to 3.89 × 10􀀀 2 L/h, while thermal efficiency increased from 17.7 % to 18 %, demonstrating the effectiveness of enhanced condensation. Economic analysis estimated the clean water production cost over a 10-year operational period at 0.07 USD/L for the system with a coolant fluid enclosure and 0.08 USD/L for the one without it. Environmental evaluation further revealed that the system mitigates 3.7 tons of CO2 emissions, supporting global sustainability efforts. These findings confirm that integrating a spiral coil condenser with a coolant fluid enclosure significantly enhances solar distillation efficiency, making it a viable, cost-effective, and sustainable solution for freshwater production in arid regions.

A maiden attempt to synthesize ternary nanocomposites of Bismuth Ferrite-Graphene-Sodium Niobate (BiFeO3- Graphene-NaNbO3) has been made by utilizing conventional solution method. Systematic increase in the loading concentrations of graphene on BiFeO3-NaNbO3 heterogeneous composites found to have influenced their structural parameters, optical properties, photocatalytic dye degradation and their dielectric properties and they were assessed from powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectral measurements, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), optical absorption spectra in UV–Visible-Near IR region, Photoluminescence (PL) studies, photocatalysis and dielectric analyses. As such, admixture of graphene concentration of 0.025 percent with BiFeO3-NaNbO3 composite powders capable of degrading the methylene blue (MB) dye upto a maximum efficiency of 92% within the time frame of 120 min. Strikingly, at the same graphene concentration of 0.025 percent, the synthesized ternary composite sample exhibits an increased dielectric constant value of ‘37′. A close parallelism between the dielectric behaviour and photocatalytic dye degradation properties could be predicted from this study. Further, among various loading concentrations of graphene with BiFeO3- NaNbO3, lower concentration of 0.025 percent of graphene has been found as the optimum one for the improved MB dye degradation characteristics of the ternary composites of BiFeO3-Graphene-NaNbO3 with enhanced suppression of carrier recombination. The other interesting results have been discussed in detail.