Non-UBD Master Theses

A high demand in construction industry in conjunction with rapid growth of population has caused a large consumption of resources. A research proves that Brunei has the highest in South East Asia energy and water consumption not only be done by the society but also including human activities such as building construction even to its end-products. Therefore, in order for Brunei to control this, Brunei has to take sensible initiative by creating its own green building rating tools as to increase sustainability level. The tools are used to integrate sustainability in construction industry within social, economic and environmental aspects. The purpose of this study is to develop criteria for building rating tools for Brunei with respect to global rating tools by investigating and examine their characteristics and differences. Different regions involve different tools and system for sustainable green construction. By considering the nature of the country, Brunei scoring system is implemented from the neighborhood countries and some western existing tools system. The factors for framework of Brunei assessment tool are Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy and Atmosphere, Materials & Resources, Health & Well-Being, Transportation, Land and Ecology, Environment Protection, Waste and Pollution, Indoor Environment Quality and credit factor; Innovation & Design.

The unique electrical and optical properties of graphene have attracted application as transparent electrodes, transistors and photodetectors. However, the small flake size of mechanical exfoliated graphene has limited its scalability to large area production. Recently, large area graphene is produced through chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and epitaxial growth method. CVD of graphene on insulator or metal-catalyst is considered low cost and process flexible. This is because graphene film quality and deposition rate can be controlled through process parameters such as temperature, gas flow rate and gas mixture. Large area CVD graphene on metal-catalyst such as Ni or Cu is amongst other established method but the need for processing steps, such as film transfer and metal etching can ultimately damage the graphene and affect device performance. Therefore, the research attention is now focused on catalyst free CVD graphene process on insulator materials such as silicon dioxide (SiO2). In this work, the nanocystalline graphene/graphite (NCG) films are synthesised in a mixture of methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2) environment using radio frequency chemical vapour deposition (RF PECVD) without metal transition catalyst, deposited directly onto 150 mm diameter silicon wafer with an insulating substrate, such as SiO2, is presented. The as-deposited NCG films properties depend on deposition conditions such as growth temperature, growth time, pressure, mixtures or flow rates of precursor, RF power and substrate material. Initially, the growth temperatures are varied in the range of 600 °C to 850 °C, while keeping other deposition parameters unchanged, and subsequently the properties of the as-deposited NCG film is studied. The nanocrystalline nature of as-eposited film are analysed based on their Raman spectra, whereas the film thickness and sheet resistances are characterised using ellipsometry spectroscopy and a simple four point probe measurements respectively. The electrical properties of the NCG films are performed using l-V measurement on a simple two terminal device with titanium/nickel (Ni/Ti) contacts. Transmission line method (TLM) structures with Ni/Ti probe pads are also fabricated for contact and sheet resistances measurement purposes.